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Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was the King of the Franks from 1031 to his death. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy. ==Reign== A member of the House of Capet, Henry was born in Reims, the son of King Robert II (972–1031) and Constance of Arles (986–1034).〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty'', (Bloomsbury, 2007), 93.〕 He was crowned King of France at the Cathedral in Reims on 14 May 1027,〔William W. Clark, ''Medieval Cathedrals'', (Greenwood Publishing, 2006), 87.〕 in the Capetian tradition, while his father still lived. He had little influence and power until he became sole ruler on his father's death. The reign of Henry I, like those of his predecessors, was marked by territorial struggles. Initially, he joined his brother Robert, with the support of their mother, in a revolt against his father (1025). His mother, however, supported Robert as heir to the old king, on whose death Henry was left to deal with his rebel sibling.〔Elizabeth Hallam and Judith Everard, ''Capetian France 987-1328'', (Routledge, 2013), 95.〕 In 1032, he placated his brother by giving him the duchy of Burgundy〔 which his father had given him in 1016. In an early strategic move, Henry came to the rescue of his very young nephew-in-law, the newly appointed Duke William of Normandy (who would go on to become William the Conqueror), to suppress a revolt by William's vassals. In 1047, Henry secured the dukedom for William in their decisive victory over the vassals at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes near Caen;〔David C Douglas, ''William the Conqueror'', (Yale University Press, 1999), 1026.〕 however, Henry would later support the barons against William until the former's death in 1060.〔R. Allen Brown, ''The Normans and the Norman Conquest'', (Boydell Press, 1969), 49.〕 In 1051, William married Matilda, the daughter of the count of Flanders, which Henry saw as a threat to his throne.〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty'', 106-108.〕 In 1054, and again in 1057, Henry invaded Normandy, but on both occasions he was defeated.〔 Henry had three meetings with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor—all at Ivois. In early 1043, he met him to discuss the marriage of the emperor with Agnes of Poitou, the daughter of Henry's vassal.〔''Frauen und Tochter der salischen Herrsher, Zum Wandel salischer Hieratspolitik in der Krise'', Claudia Zey, Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein, ed. Tilman Struve, (Bohlau Verlag GmbH & Cie., 2008), 62.〕 In October 1048, the two Henries met again and signed a treaty of friendship.〔Stefan Weinfurter, ''The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition'', (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), 107.〕 The final meeting took place in May 1056 and concerned disputes over Theobald III and County of Blois.〔 The debate over the duchy became so heated that Henry accused the emperor of breach of contract and subsequently left.〔 In 1058, Henry was selling bishoprics and abbacies, ignoring the accusations of simony and tyranny by the Papal legate Cardinal Humbert.〔Elizabeth Hallam, ''The Capetians 987-1328'', (Longman Group Ltd., 1980), 104.〕 Despite his efforts, Henry I's twenty-nine-year reign saw feudal power in France reach its pinnacle. King Henry I died on 4 August 1060 in Vitry-en-Brie, France, and was interred in Basilica of St Denis. He was succeeded by his son, Philip I of France, who was 7 at the time of his death; for six years Henry's queen Anne of Kiev ruled as regent. He was also Duke of Burgundy from 1016 to 1032, when he abdicated the duchy to his brother Robert.〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty'', 100.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry I of France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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